Comment
These relevant parts of the judgement of the Court of Appeal in the matter of Zambry v Nizar (the Perak Assembly case) make clear that the Agong has the power to dismiss a sitting Prime Minitser:
As Blackstone defined
it:-
…The medieval King was doth Head of the
Kingdom and feudal Lord. He had powers
accounted for by the need to preserve the realm
against external enemies and an undefined residual
power which he might use for the public good…”. Blackstone’s definition holds true
too in (Malaysia).
The nine Rulers in the Malay States are indigenous
Rulers and enjoyed their own prerogatives all along.....the traditional prerogatives of the Rulers remain
and are buttressed by the Constitution of the respective
States. In fact upon independence, our Constitution as drafted
under the Chairmanship of Lord Reid, preserved and indeed
enhanced the monarchy in Malaysia in several ways as seen
in its provisions.
What is rarely displayed however, is the fact that the
Yang di-Pertuan Agong and Rulers are seized with
prerogative privileges and residual rights and powers. Some
of which are expressed, others implied.
Unobtrusive as they may
seem they are in fact omnipresent and their exercise may
have far-reaching effect on the governance of the State.
It must be stressed that the Royal Prerogative,
discretionary and residual powers do not repose in the royal
personages in vain. It is best expressed by Viscount Radcliffe
in Burmah Oil Co Ltd v Lord Advocate [1965] AC 75 page
113 where His Lordship observed:-
“… The essence of a prerogative power if one
follows Locke’s thought, is not merely to administer
the existing law – there is no need for any
prerogative to execute the law – but to act for the
public good where there is no law, or even to
dispense with or override the law where the ultimate
preservation of society is in question.”
And similarly in the Malaysian context, it was observed
by Lee Hun Hoe CJ (Borneo) in Government of Malaysia v
Mahan Singh [1975] 2 MLJ 155 that:-
“… The King is the first person in the nation –
being superior to both Houses in dignity and the
only branch of the Legislative that has a separate
existence and is capable of performing any act at a
time when Parliament is not in being.”
Following from that, it has to be said that, it is not at any
time or any situation that this discretionary or prerogative power can be invoked. The general acceptance is that it has
to be exercised judiciously.
It is clear that the Crown has a right and duty to protect
its realm and citizens in times of war and peace and can
invoke its prerogative to that end. That should never be in
question.
The above analysis, handed down by Zainur Ali CA on behalf of the Court of Appeal, was upheld when the matter went on appeal to the Federal Court.
END
Saturday, October 8, 2016
Even PM Najib accepts that there is nothing in law that prevents the Agong from sacking a sitting PM
by Ganesh Sahathevan
These are the words of PM Najib with regards the Citizens' Declaration presented the Agong:
“In the meeting His Highness took notice of the matter that was brought up by Mahathir. However, the Agong explained to Mahathir that he cannot be involved in what Bersatu is doing.
The matter of "accepted practices" or convention has been discussed before in a previous posting where it has been pointed out that convention in the Malay context demands that the limits of the Agong's powers be not questioned. Hence, Najib's reliance on convention rather than law in defence of his position is curious, to say the least.
END
Reference
by Ganesh Sahathevan
Given that Malaysia's Supreme Ruler or Yang DiPertuan Agong is elected every five years by the Conference of Rulers from among its members, it follows that it is the best interest of the sultans that no one person when elected as Agong act in any way that might be detrimental to their collective interest.
In fact, it does appear as if this right to protect , even defend, their collective interest is provided for in the Constitution of the Federation of Malaysia,which states in Article 38(6)(a):
The members of the Conference of Rulers may act in their discretion in any proceedings relating to the following functions, that is to say;
(a) the election or removal from office of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the election of the Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong;
There does not appear to be any other provision in the Constitution that limits their discretion.
The 14th and current Yang di-Pertuan Agong , Sultan Abdul Halim of Kedah, faces a situation where the exercise of his Constitutional and reserve powers are under intense scrutiny given the 1MDB scandal that implicates his prime minister Najib Razak in theft, money laundering and various other criminal matters that are being investigated in a number of jurisdictions. At stake is the proper governance of his country, and he faces ongoing calls from his people to dismiss his prime minister who has entrenched himself using both political machinery and legislation.The latter has involved the introduction of the National Security Council Act ,which the Conference Of Rulers advised should not be passed without "refinement". In addition, the Agong has been presented with a petition containing 1.3 million signatures imploring him to act.It has been reported that he has refused to consider that petition.
Agong,Malay Rulers, And Their Powers To Dismiss A Sitting Prime Minister-More
NSC Act pits Chief Of Defence Forces against his Commander In Chief, The Agong-Might the Agong order the CDF be court-martialled?
These are the words of PM Najib with regards the Citizens' Declaration presented the Agong:
“In the meeting His Highness took notice of the matter that was brought up by Mahathir. However, the Agong explained to Mahathir that he cannot be involved in what Bersatu is doing.
“This is as the declaration made by Bersatu was not in accordance with the constitution. Any action should be in line with accepted practices via the parliament and electoral system for the rakyat to make their decision,”
The statement is interesting in that Najib sights "accepted practices" and not the Constitution or any other relevant law.In addition , he incorrectly declares the Bersatu declaration "not in accordance with the constitution", when it should be obvious even to him that there is nothing unconstitutional or illegal about anyone or group petitioning the Agong.The matter of "accepted practices" or convention has been discussed before in a previous posting where it has been pointed out that convention in the Malay context demands that the limits of the Agong's powers be not questioned. Hence, Najib's reliance on convention rather than law in defence of his position is curious, to say the least.
END
Reference
Friday, October 7, 2016
Agong can sack a sitting PM, and Conference of Rulers can remove Agong when he fails to do so.
Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah
Given that Malaysia's Supreme Ruler or Yang DiPertuan Agong is elected every five years by the Conference of Rulers from among its members, it follows that it is the best interest of the sultans that no one person when elected as Agong act in any way that might be detrimental to their collective interest.
In fact, it does appear as if this right to protect , even defend, their collective interest is provided for in the Constitution of the Federation of Malaysia,which states in Article 38(6)(a):
The members of the Conference of Rulers may act in their discretion in any proceedings relating to the following functions, that is to say;
(a) the election or removal from office of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the election of the Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong;
There does not appear to be any other provision in the Constitution that limits their discretion.
The 14th and current Yang di-Pertuan Agong , Sultan Abdul Halim of Kedah, faces a situation where the exercise of his Constitutional and reserve powers are under intense scrutiny given the 1MDB scandal that implicates his prime minister Najib Razak in theft, money laundering and various other criminal matters that are being investigated in a number of jurisdictions. At stake is the proper governance of his country, and he faces ongoing calls from his people to dismiss his prime minister who has entrenched himself using both political machinery and legislation.The latter has involved the introduction of the National Security Council Act ,which the Conference Of Rulers advised should not be passed without "refinement". In addition, the Agong has been presented with a petition containing 1.3 million signatures imploring him to act.It has been reported that he has refused to consider that petition.
The Agong's refusal has implications for future holders of that office and the Conference Of Rulers as a whole for he oversees both an erosion of powers and a loss of confidence of their subjects.
That loss of confidence will lead to questions about the relevance of the institution of the sultanate ,and surely they must already realize that these questions are in fact being raised. The Conference Of Rulers is clearly in that situation where it has to consider removing the Agong, and perhaps his soon to be appointed successor should he persist in his predecessor's behaviour, in order to preserve the institution of the sultanate, hereditary rule,and all the privileges that come with it.
END
See also
Friday, October 7, 2016
Agong can sack a sitting PM, and Conference of Rulers can remove Agong when he fails to do so.
Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah
Given that Malaysia's Supreme Ruler or Yang DiPertuan Agong is elected every five years by the Conference of Rulers from among its members, it follows that it is the best interest of the sultans that no one person when elected as Agong act in any way that might be detrimental to their collective interest.
In fact, it does appear as if this right to protect , even defend, their collective interest is provided for in the Constitution of the Federation of Malaysia,which states in Article 38(6)(a):
The members of the Conference of Rulers may act in their discretion in any proceedings relating to the following functions, that is to say;
(a) the election or removal from office of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the election of the Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong;
There does not appear to be any other provision in the Constitution that limits their discretion.
The 14th and current Yang di-Pertuan Agong , Sultan Abdul Halim of Kedah, faces a situation where the exercise of his Constitutional and reserve powers are under intense scrutiny given the 1MDB scandal that implicates his prime minister Najib Razak in theft, money laundering and various other criminal matters that are being investigated in a number of jurisdictions. At stake is the proper governance of his country, and he faces ongoing calls from his people to dismiss his prime minister who has entrenched himself using both political machinery and legislation.The latter has involved the introduction of the National Security Council Act ,which the Conference Of Rulers advised should not be passed without "refinement". In addition, the Agong has been presented with a petition containing 1.3 million signatures imploring him to act.It has been reported that he has refused to consider that petition.
The Agong's refusal has implications for future holders of that office and the Conference Of Rulers as a whole for he oversees both an erosion of powers and a loss of confidence of their subjects.
That loss of confidence will lead to questions about the relevance of the institution of the sultanate ,and surely they must already realize that these questions are in fact being raised. The Conference Of Rulers is clearly in that situation where it has to consider removing the Agong, and perhaps his soon to be appointed successor should he persist in his predecessor's behaviour, in order to preserve the institution of the sultanate, hereditary rule,and all the privileges that come with it.
END
See also
Monday, September 26, 2016
Saudi Aramco IPO and the risk of revealing too much about not as much oil ............
by Ganesh Sahathevan
Forgotten in all the hype about the proposed Saudi Aramco IPO is the fact that an IPO requires disclosure of salient commercial issues.
To date, the Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia has kept secret the exact nature and extent of its oil reserves. The article below is one of many that have questioned the potential of its largest field, the super giant Ghawar. An IPO will mean answering the questions raised by this author and others.The Al-Sauds have refused to do so before, and have clearly not thought of the consequences an IPO will have with regards disclosure of their reserves.
END
Here's Why You Don't Need Wikileaks To Know That Saudi Oil Reserves Are Overstated
Gail E. Tverberg|February 09, 2011|
- 0
- 0
Saudi Arabia tells us that they have lots of oil, but if we look at graphs of their historical production, there is nothing that looks like an upward trend. In fact, recent production is lower than it was in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This is a graph of Saudi oil production, consumption, and amount of net exports, from Energy Exports Databrowser.
Exports, in green, are down because Saudi Arabia is consuming more and more of its own oil, so there is less available for others. This graph doesn't fit well with what we have been told.
The rest of the Middle East claims huge reserves, too, but looking at the Mideast in total doesn't give a much more favorable picture. While production is a bit higher in total now, exports (in green) are down from the 1970s because of rising consumption.
Gail E. Tverberg|February 09, 2011|
- 0
- 0
Saudi Arabia tells us that they have lots of oil, but if we look at graphs of their historical production, there is nothing that looks like an upward trend. In fact, recent production is lower than it was in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This is a graph of Saudi oil production, consumption, and amount of net exports, from Energy Exports Databrowser.
Exports, in green, are down because Saudi Arabia is consuming more and more of its own oil, so there is less available for others. This graph doesn't fit well with what we have been told.
The rest of the Middle East claims huge reserves, too, but looking at the Mideast in total doesn't give a much more favorable picture. While production is a bit higher in total now, exports (in green) are down from the 1970s because of rising consumption.
It is almost certain that the Saudis are overstating their capabilities. The reserves for Saudi Arabia and the rest of the Middle East are not audited, nor are their supposed "spare production capacities." They may have some spare capacity, but not the amount stated. When oil prices spiked to $147 barrel in July 2008, Saudi Arabia and others in the Middle East increased their production a bit, did not really come through with a huge surge in production, the way one would expect from their suppose spare capacity.
World oil supply has been roughly flat since 2005. Many are concerned that oil production will actually begin to fall in the next year or two - what is referred to as "peak oil" in the Wikileaks cable.
Links to a Few Posts Relating to Overstatement of Saudi Reserves and Production Capability
The Oil Drum has published many posts over the years relating to Saudi Arabia and the rest of the Middle East's likely inability to produce as much oil as they claim they can. These are excerpts from (or comments about) a few of them. Click on the titles to access the posts. You can access other posts by the same author by clicking on the person's name.
1. Euan Mearns-- Middle East OPEC Reserves Revisited-- December 3, 2010
Euan explains why Middle East OPEC reserves are likely overstated, and shows this chart of likely reserves at the 2P (that is, expected) level:
Comparison of official ME OPEC reserves with official reserves adjusted for production and pre-nationalistaion reserves figures adjusted for production. The arrow gives the likely range of 2P reserves.
2. ace--Saudi Arabia’s Crude Oil Reserves: Particulars or Propaganda? June 15, 2008
Saudi Aramco has effectively used propaganda methods for at least the last fifteen years to convince many governments, corporations and individuals to believe their statements. However, Aramco’s statement that it is the world’s leading oil producer is now false as it now second after Russia since 2006. Nevertheless, Saudi Aramco’s repeated statement about remaining recoverable oil reserves being 260 billion barrels (Gb) is still generally accepted.
In 2004, Saudi Aramco stated that its oil initially in place (OIIP) has been growing steadily since 1982. There is considerable doubt about the validity of this increase, given the lack of new oil discoveries and the unusual nature of its steady continuous increase. Aramco stated the OIIP was 700 Gb at year end 2003 while a more realistic estimate is 580 Gb.
Aramco may have some high recovery factor fields such as Abqaiq and Shaybah, but an average recovery factor range from 30-37% is assumed for the total OIIP in Saudi Arabia’s fields. The trend of the recovery factor for Saudi Aramco indicates that there has been no effect on the recovery factor by recent technological advances in producing wells. Saudi Aramco has kept remaining recoverable crude oil reserves constant simply by artificially increasing the OIIP each year since 1982, accompanied by an unrealistically high average recovery factor of 52% since 1988.
3. Gail the Actuary -- President Bush Questions Saudi's Ability to Raise Oil Supply--January 17, 2008
Last night, on ABC's Nightline, Terry Moran interviewed President Bush in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during his trip to the Middle East. When discussing what President Bush might say to the King of Saudi Arabia to lower oil prices, George Bush said:
If they don't have a lot of additional oil to put on the market, it is hard to ask somebody to do something they may not be able to do.
We published a Press Release about this post, also.
4. Euan Mearns - Saudi Arabia - production forecasts and reserves estimates--August 30, 2007
This forecast for is on a broad basis (Crude and Condensate and Natural Gas Liquids) for Saudi Arabia.
Forecast numbers are production capacity. Actual production may be lower depending upon demand.
5. Stuart Staniford -- Water in the Gas Tank--March 26, 2007
Forensic analysis regarding how the oil/water mix that is extracted seems to be changing to more water, less oil in Saudi Oil fields. The red portions of the bands are oil.
Two cross sections of a reservoir simulation of the northern portion of the 'Ain Dar region of Ghawar at various years. Color represents volumetric water saturation in the rock pores. Source: Figure 9 of Alhuthali et al, Society of Petroleum Engineers Paper #93439, March 2005.
6. Stuart Staniford--Depletion Levels in Ghawar--May 15, 2007
An attempt to understand depletion levels in Ghawar.
Modeled distribution of original reserves in 'Ain Dar/Shedgum area of Ghawar(left), oil water contact offset by 511' vertically upward (center) and the same with the effect of gas caps (right).
7. Joules Burn--IEA World Energy Outlook 2008 - Fuzzy Focus on Saudi Arabia--November 18, 2008
Throughout the 2008 WEO, Saudi Arabia is cast in a leading role -- both figuratively:
On present trends, just to replace the oil reserves that will be exhausted and to meet the growth in demand, between now and 2030 we will need 64 mb/d of new oil-production capacity, six times the size of Saudi Arabia’s capacity today.
(from the Forward and Executive Summary)
and literally:
Saudi Arabia remains the world’s largest producer throughout the projection period, its output climbing from 10.2 mb/d in 2007 to 15.6 mb/d in 2030. (Executive Summary, page 40)
This post originally appeared at The Oil Drum.
http://articles.
It is almost certain that the Saudis are overstating their capabilities. The reserves for Saudi Arabia and the rest of the Middle East are not audited, nor are their supposed "spare production capacities." They may have some spare capacity, but not the amount stated. When oil prices spiked to $147 barrel in July 2008, Saudi Arabia and others in the Middle East increased their production a bit, did not really come through with a huge surge in production, the way one would expect from their suppose spare capacity.
World oil supply has been roughly flat since 2005. Many are concerned that oil production will actually begin to fall in the next year or two - what is referred to as "peak oil" in the Wikileaks cable.
Links to a Few Posts Relating to Overstatement of Saudi Reserves and Production Capability
The Oil Drum has published many posts over the years relating to Saudi Arabia and the rest of the Middle East's likely inability to produce as much oil as they claim they can. These are excerpts from (or comments about) a few of them. Click on the titles to access the posts. You can access other posts by the same author by clicking on the person's name.
1. Euan Mearns-- Middle East OPEC Reserves Revisited-- December 3, 2010
Euan explains why Middle East OPEC reserves are likely overstated, and shows this chart of likely reserves at the 2P (that is, expected) level:
Comparison of official ME OPEC reserves with official reserves adjusted for production and pre-nationalistaion reserves figures adjusted for production. The arrow gives the likely range of 2P reserves.
2. ace--Saudi Arabia’s Crude Oil Reserves: Particulars or Propaganda? June 15, 2008
Saudi Aramco has effectively used propaganda methods for at least the last fifteen years to convince many governments, corporations and individuals to believe their statements. However, Aramco’s statement that it is the world’s leading oil producer is now false as it now second after Russia since 2006. Nevertheless, Saudi Aramco’s repeated statement about remaining recoverable oil reserves being 260 billion barrels (Gb) is still generally accepted.
In 2004, Saudi Aramco stated that its oil initially in place (OIIP) has been growing steadily since 1982. There is considerable doubt about the validity of this increase, given the lack of new oil discoveries and the unusual nature of its steady continuous increase. Aramco stated the OIIP was 700 Gb at year end 2003 while a more realistic estimate is 580 Gb.
Aramco may have some high recovery factor fields such as Abqaiq and Shaybah, but an average recovery factor range from 30-37% is assumed for the total OIIP in Saudi Arabia’s fields. The trend of the recovery factor for Saudi Aramco indicates that there has been no effect on the recovery factor by recent technological advances in producing wells. Saudi Aramco has kept remaining recoverable crude oil reserves constant simply by artificially increasing the OIIP each year since 1982, accompanied by an unrealistically high average recovery factor of 52% since 1988.
3. Gail the Actuary -- President Bush Questions Saudi's Ability to Raise Oil Supply--January 17, 2008
Last night, on ABC's Nightline, Terry Moran interviewed President Bush in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during his trip to the Middle East. When discussing what President Bush might say to the King of Saudi Arabia to lower oil prices, George Bush said:
If they don't have a lot of additional oil to put on the market, it is hard to ask somebody to do something they may not be able to do.
We published a Press Release about this post, also.
4. Euan Mearns - Saudi Arabia - production forecasts and reserves estimates--August 30, 2007
This forecast for is on a broad basis (Crude and Condensate and Natural Gas Liquids) for Saudi Arabia.
Forecast numbers are production capacity. Actual production may be lower depending upon demand.
5. Stuart Staniford -- Water in the Gas Tank--March 26, 2007
Forensic analysis regarding how the oil/water mix that is extracted seems to be changing to more water, less oil in Saudi Oil fields. The red portions of the bands are oil.
Two cross sections of a reservoir simulation of the northern portion of the 'Ain Dar region of Ghawar at various years. Color represents volumetric water saturation in the rock pores. Source: Figure 9 of Alhuthali et al, Society of Petroleum Engineers Paper #93439, March 2005.
6. Stuart Staniford--Depletion Levels in Ghawar--May 15, 2007
An attempt to understand depletion levels in Ghawar.
Modeled distribution of original reserves in 'Ain Dar/Shedgum area of Ghawar(left), oil water contact offset by 511' vertically upward (center) and the same with the effect of gas caps (right).
(from the Forward and Executive Summary)
Saturday, September 3, 2016
Paul Keating pushes for Australia to join ASEAN-Least Gonski can do is push Najib to champion Australia's entry
by Ganesh Sahathevan
It is a matter of reality that David Gonski and ANZ have a special banking, commercial relationship with Malaysia's PM Najib Razak.
Given that relationship it is only logical that the Australian Government seek to use that relationship to push for Australia's entry into ASEAN.
by Andrew Clark
Read more: http://www.afr.com/news/politics/world/paul-keating-pushes-for-australia-to-join-asean-20160830-gr4zzj#ixzz4JFm4W2vA
Follow us: @FinancialReview on Twitter | financialreview on Facebook
It is a matter of reality that David Gonski and ANZ have a special banking, commercial relationship with Malaysia's PM Najib Razak.
Given that relationship it is only logical that the Australian Government seek to use that relationship to push for Australia's entry into ASEAN.
Paul Keating pushes for Australia to join
ASEAN
Former Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating has forecast China will become up to "twice as big as the US", and said Australia should respond by joining ASEAN and avoid any involvement in a potential US-China conflict in the South China Sea.
Addressing a packed audience at an Australia-China Relations Institute gathering at the University of Technology of Sydney (UTS) on Tuesday night, Mr Keating said the world was witnessing a "change in the economic make-up of the international order".
Speaking just a few days before China hosts a summit of the G-20 countries, including Australia, Mr Keating said "I think the shift is happening and has happened. The bi-polarity of the Cold War was is over."
China's economic strength is generating a new, emerging "pan-Pacific architecture" while the US "is fundamentally an Atlantic power".
He did not advocate Australian withdrawal from the ANZUS Alliance with the US but lambasted the Malcolm Turnbull-led Coalition government, claiming it lacked a "foreign policy" for dealing with current great power shifts.
Australia's Labor Prime Minister from 1991-96, and Treasurer for eight years before that, Mr Keating enjoys a ring-side seat to observe China's dramatic economic transformation as chairman of the advisory board of the China Development Bank, and late last year had a one-on-one meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping.
He said after the meeting with Xi Jinping that China was engaged in a "seminal strategic shift".
Elaborating on what he meant, Mr Keating told ABC broadcaster and author Kerry O'Brien at the ACRI gathering in Sydney that China was now returning to its old place as the world's leading power – a position it held up until the late 18th century, when a British economy transformed by the Industrial Revolution leapt into pre-eminence.
From the 1880's the US took over from Britain as the leading world power. For some time after China entered a four-decade-long period of astonishing growth, which was launched in 1978, it held back from asserting a world role.
However, that began changing this century, particularly after the advent of the Global Financial Crisis. "The GFC in 08-09 de-mystified for the Chinese the mystifications of the US management of the world economy."
Mr Keating said that under his government in the early 90's Australia helped to bring China and the US into closer contact by upgrading the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation grouping, which included China and the US.
Before that he claimed APEC was more like an international mechanism for exchanging economic information, or "you show me your statistics and I'll show you ours".
Unprecedented transformation
A year after APEC was upgraded, the atmosphere between the two countries relaxed. "I had (US President Bill) Clinton playing the saxophone and (then Chinese leader) Jiang Zemin doing karaoke," Mr Keating said.
However, since then China has emerged as a global economic giant, only lagging behind the US in GDP. "Never before in the economic history of the world" has there been such a transformation. "It's unique."
China "will have the biggest economic show in the 21st century", Mr Keating said, and wants a "multi-polar" UN-style system, with its five permanent members of the Security Council, including China.
Referring to China-US tensions in the South China Sea, Mr Keating said "we can't afford a world war". The tensions are over China's upgrading of disputed islands in the region into effective military bases, complete with air-strips, and aircraft.
The Chinese approach to the South China Sea issue meant it was "achieving its strategic power in a cheap kind of way". It was also a "messy" process.
But "China will once again be a great state in the world. Through its population and GDP, China will end up being one and a half or twice as big as the US", Mr Keating said.
Turning to Australia, he warned it was "becoming a much more marginal power with less influence" and needed to pursue a policy "that takers account of the shifts in the world order".
Australia "should become a member of ASEAN", a membership that would "help Australia and help ASEAN".
He said China was planning to reduce steel consumption by 100 million tons as part of its transition to a more hi-tech economy, and it would cut coal use by 400 million tons a year. Australia should be prepared for the "new economy" in China.
Nevertheless, "we have a very great opportunity with China and we should go for it", Mr Keating said.
Read more: http://www.afr.com/news/politics/world/paul-keating-pushes-for-australia-to-join-asean-20160830-gr4zzj#ixzz4JFm4W2vA
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